The correct exposure has been a great problem of the photographers since the beginning of photography. The evolution of techniques eliminated the need of analyzing the weather forecast, because different mechanisms of measuring light have come to help the photographer.
The measuring of light which falls onto the subject has always been a mystery problem. At that time the photographers had a level of experience which allowed them to establish the exposure from analyzing the weather forecast. The times of exposure varied in the 19th century at a level of minutes and then of seconds. Only after the discovery of sensible emulsions times of exposure reached 10ths and 100ths of seconds. On the other hand, the optical quality of the objectives imposed the using of a narrower diaphragm for the avoiding of aberrations. Then, Ansel Adams fixed the “zone system”, dividing the levels of illumination met normally in the nature into ten zones, starting from the maximum light in a sunny day to the natural light in a well lightened room. Notice that everything is based on a certain approximation. To risen confusion I’ll say that the human eye has strength of adaptation superior to any system of reproduction of the image so everything becomes absolutely relative. The eye, commanded by the brain, quickly adapts itself to any type of changing of the light both for quantity and quality so we will not be able to evaluate the quantity of light and to find the correct exposure.
Till the apparition of the level of light measuring instruments, the tables with situations of illumination and exposure were the only helping ways which came to help the photographer. The discovery of photoelectric elements with cadmium sulfur led to the miniaturization of the equipments and to the possibility of implying those into the cameras so that the measuring of exposure became automatic. A long way of more than a century and a half.
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