Mathematics - The Concept of Chaos by Karel Kosman
Chaos as we generally understand it has nothing to do with the mathematical concept of chaos.
A typical example of chaos in a seemingly deterministic system (a system where cause and effect but not arbitrariness play a role) is developments on the stock exchange, changes the weather, a sudden traffic jam or the behaviour of quantum particles in physics.
Mathematical chaos describes complex dynamic systems. These time dependent systems often behave quite sensitively and visibly chaotically to the degree that they are unforeseeable; this though while the individual components of the system are subject to explicit and natural laws.
Since the 1970s, mathematics began to study chaotic systems. Non-linear equations serve to make computations in such systems. An important process when making such calculations is the fact that certain ......